Apa Itu European Emission Standard (EUS)
Apa itu EURO EMISSION STANDARD (EUS)
Standar Emisi Eropa mengatur batas batas yg diperbolehkan dari kandungan gas buang dari kendaraan kendaran baru yg dijual di negara2 Eurpean Union (EU). Standar emisi itu diatur secara bertahap dan secara progressive diapplikasikan semakin ketat.
Pada saat ini kadar emisi yg diatur adalah Nitogen Oxide (Nox, Total hydrocarbon (THC), Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC), carbon Monoxide (CO) dan partikel lainnya (PM) pada hampir semua jenis kendaraan, termasuk mobil, truk, kereta api, traktor (atau alat berat lainnya), tongkang, namun tidak termasuk didalamnya Kapal Laut (seagoing ship) dan pesawat udara.
Setiap jenis kendaraan berlaku standard yg berbeda. Apakah kendaraan memenuhi standard ditentukan dengan menjalankan mesin dg urutan test yg telah diatur didalam EUS. Kendaraan yg tidak memenuhi persyaratan standard tidak boleh dijual di negara EU, tapi standard tersebut tidak berlaku pada kendaraan yg telah ada sebelum peraturan berlaku.
Tidak ada aturan khusus yg mengharuskan dipakainya sebuah tehnology yg specific untuk memenuhi EUS. Model kendaraan yg baru harus memenuhi standard yg sedang berlaku atau standard yg akan di berlakuakan yang akan datang, namun model dg revisi yg berlifecycle pendek juga diakomodasi ole EUS pada engine2 yg sebelumnya sudah comply dg peraturan yg berlaku.
TAHAPAN PEMBERLAKUAN ATURAN
Tahapan applikasi dari pengaturan emisi gas buang biasanya dikenal sbb:
Untuk kendaran ringan (Light Duty): EURO 1, EURO 2, EURO 3, EURO 4 dan EURO 5 (pakai angka latin)
Untuk kendaraan berat (Heavy Duty): EURO I, EURO II, EURO III, EURO IV dan EURO V (pakai angka romawi)
DASAR HUKUM dan TAHUN PEMBERLAKUAN
* Euro 1 (1993):
o Kendaraan penumpang – 91/441/EEC.[ 12]
o Kendaraan penumpang and truk ringan – 93/59/EEC.
* Euro 2 (1996) Kendaraan Penumpang – 94/12/EC (& 96/69/EC)
o Sepeda motor – 2002/51/EC (row A)[13] – 2006/120/EC
* Euro 3 (2000) Semua jenis kendaraan – 98/69/EC[14]
o Sepeda Motor – 2002/51/EC (row B)[15] – 2006/120/EC
* Euro 4 (2005) Semua Jenis kendaraan – 98/69/EC (& 2002/80/EC)
* Euro 5 (2008/9) and Euro 6 (2014) Kendaraan penumpang ringan dan kendaraan berat – 2007/715/EC[ 16]
European emission standards for passenger cars (Category M*), g/km
| Tier | Date | CO | THC | NMHC | NOx | HC+NOx | PM | P*** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel | ||||||||
| Euro 1† | July 1992 | 2.72 (3.16) | - | - | - | 0.97 (1.13) | 0.14 (0.18) | - |
| Euro 2 | January 1996 | 1.0 | - | - | - | 0.7 | 0.08 | - |
| Euro 3 | January 2000 | 0.64 | - | - | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.05 | - |
| Euro 4 | January 2005 | 0.50 | - | - | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.025 | - |
| Euro 5 | September 2009 | 0.500 | - | - | 0.180 | 0.230 | 0.005 | - |
| Euro 6 (future) | September 2014 | 0.500 | - | - | 0.080 | 0.170 | 0.005 | - |
| Petrol (Gasoline) | ||||||||
| Euro 1† | July 1992 | 2.72 (3.16) | - | - | - | 0.97 (1.13) | - | - |
| Euro 2 | January 1996 | 2.2 | - | - | - | 0.5 | - | - |
| Euro 3 | January 2000 | 2.3 | 0.20 | - | 0.15 | - | - | - |
| Euro 4 | January 2005 | 1.0 | 0.10 | - | 0.08 | - | - | - |
| Euro 5 | September 2009 | 1.000 | 0.100 | 0.068 | 0.060 | - | 0.005** | - |
| Euro 6 (future) | September 2014 | 1.000 | 0.100 | 0.068 | 0.060 | - | 0.005** | - |
European emission standards untuk light commercial vehicles ≤1305 kg (Category N1-I), g/km
| Tier | Date | CO | THC | NMHC | NOx | HC+NOx | PM | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel | ||||||||
| Euro 1 | October 1994 | 2.72 | - | - | - | 0.97 | 0.14 | - |
| Euro 2 | January 1998 | 1.0 | - | - | - | 0.7 | 0.08 | - |
| Euro 3 | January 2000 | 0.64 | - | - | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.05 | - |
| Euro 4 | January 2005 | 0.50 | - | - | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.025 | - |
| Euro 5 | September 2009 | 0.500 | - | - | 0.180 | 0.230 | 0.005 | - |
| Euro 6 (future) | September 2014 | 0.500 | - | - | 0.080 | 0.170 | 0.005 | - |
| Petrol (Gasoline) | ||||||||
| Euro 1 | October 1994 | 2.72 | - | - | - | 0.97 | - | - |
| Euro 2 | January 1998 | 2.2 | - | - | - | 0.5 | - | - |
| Euro 3 | January 2000 | 2.3 | 0.20 | - | 0.15 | - | - | - |
| Euro 4 | January 2005 | 1.0 | 0.10 | - | 0.08 | - | - | - |
| Euro 5 | September 2009 | 1.000 | 0.100 | 0.068 | 0.060 | - | 0.005* | - |
| Euro 6 (future) | September 2014 | 1.000 | 0.100 | 0.068 | 0.060 | - | 0.005* | - |
| * hanya untuk direct injection engines | ||||||||
European emission standards untuk light commercial vehicles 1305 kg – 1760 kg (Category N1-II), g/km
| Tier | Date | CO | THC | NMHC | NOx | HC+NOx | PM | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel | ||||||||
| Euro 1 | October 1994 | 5.17 | - | - | - | 1.4 | 0.19 | - |
| Euro 2 | January 1998 | 1.25 | - | - | - | 1.0 | 0.12 | - |
| Euro 3 | January 2001 | 0.80 | - | - | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.07 | - |
| Euro 4 | January 2006 | 0.63 | - | - | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.04 | - |
| Euro 5 (future) | September 2010 | 0.630 | - | - | 0.235 | 0.295 | 0.005 | - |
| Euro 6 (future) | September 2015 | 0.630 | - | - | 0.105 | 0.195 | 0.005 | - |
| Petrol (Gasoline) | ||||||||
| Euro 1 | October 1994 | 5.17 | - | - | - | 1.4 | - | - |
| Euro 2 | January 1998 | 4.0 | - | - | - | 0.6 | - | - |
| Euro 3 | January 2001 | 4.17 | 0.25 | - | 0.18 | - | - | - |
| Euro 4 | January 2006 | 1.81 | 0.13 | - | 0.10 | - | - | - |
| Euro 5 (future) | September 2010 | 1.810 | 0.130 | 0.090 | 0.075 | - | 0.005* | - |
| Euro 6 (future) | September 2015 | 1.810 | 0.130 | 0.090 | 0.075 | - | 0.005* | - |
| * hanya kendaraan dg direct injection engines | ||||||||
European emission standards untuk light commercial vehicles >1760 kg max 3500 kg. (Category N1-III & N2), g/km
| Tier | Date | CO | THC | NMHC | NOx | HC+NOx | PM | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diesel | ||||||||
| Euro 1 | October 1994 | 6.9 | - | - | - | 1.7 | 0.25 | - |
| Euro 2 | January 1998 | 1.5 | - | - | - | 1.2 | 0.17 | - |
| Euro 3 | January 2001 | 0.95 | - | - | 0.78 | 0.86 | 0.10 | - |
| Euro 4 | January 2006 | 0.74 | - | - | 0.39 | 0.46 | 0.06 | - |
| Euro 5 (future) | September 2010 | 0.740 | - | - | 0.280 | 0.350 | 0.005 | - |
| Euro 6 (future) | September 2015 | 0.740 | - | - | 0.125 | 0.215 | 0.005 | - |
| Petrol (Gasoline) | ||||||||
| Euro 1 | October 1994 | 6.9 | - | - | - | 1.7 | - | - |
| Euro 2 | January 1998 | 5.0 | - | - | - | 0.7 | - | - |
| Euro 3 | January 2001 | 5.22 | 0.29 | - | 0.21 | - | - | - |
| Euro 4 | January 2006 | 2.27 | 0.16 | - | 0.11 | - | - | - |
| Euro 5 (future) | September 2010 | 2.270 | 0.160 | 0.108 | 0.082 | - | 0.005* | - |
| Euro 6 (future) | September 2015 | 2.270 | 0.160 | 0.108 | 0.082 | - | 0.005* | - |
| * hanya untuk direct injection engines | ||||||||
EU Emission Standards untuk Heavy Duty Diesel Engines, g/kWh (smoke in m−1)
| Tier | Date | Test cycle | CO | HC | NOx | PM | Smoke |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euro I | 1992, < 85 kW | ECE R-49 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 8.0 | 0.612 | |
| 1992, > 85 kW | 4.5 | 1.1 | 8.0 | 0.36 | |||
| Euro II | October 1996 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 7.0 | 0.25 | ||
| October 1998 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 7.0 | 0.15 | |||
| Euro III | October 1999 EEVs only | ESC & ELR | 1.0 | 0.25 | 2.0 | 0.02 | 0.15 |
| October 2000 | ESC & ELR | 2.1 | 0.66 | 5.0 | 0.10 0.13* |
0.8 | |
| Euro IV | October 2005 | 1.5 | 0.46 | 3.5 | 0.02 | 0.5 | |
| Euro V | October 2008 | 1.5 | 0.46 | 2.0 | 0.02 | 0.5 | |
| Euro VI | January 2013 | 1.5 | 0.13 | 0.5 | 0.01 | ||
| * untuk engines dg volume 0.75 dm³ per cylinder and a rated power speed of more than 3,000 per minute. EEV is “Enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle“. | |||||||
Emission standards for Large Goods Vehicles
| Standard | Date | CO (g/kWh) | NOx (g/kWh) | HC (g/kWh) | PM (g/kWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euro 0 | 1988-1992 | 12.3 | 15.8 | 2.6 | none |
| Euro I | 1992-1995 | 4.9 | 9.0 | 1.23 | 0.40 |
| Euro II | 1995-1999 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 1.1 | 0.15 |
| Euro III | 1999-2005 | 2.1 | 5.0 | 0.66 | 0.1 |
| Euro IV | 2005-2008 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 0.46 | 0.02 |
| Euro V | 2008-2012 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.46 | 0.02 |
( Harsono Blegur )